时间:2026-01-07 04:38:41 来源:网络整理编辑:知識
Boom.The profoundly powerful Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai eruption on Jan. 15 created a jarring appeara
Boom.
The profoundly powerful Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai eruption on Jan. 15 created a jarring appearance on Earth's surface and sent pressure waves around the globe. Now, NASA scientists say the volcano's plume of ash and gas reached a whopping 36 milesup in the atmosphere. That's likely the highest plume ever recorded in the satellite era.
The blast in the South Pacific came from an underwater volcano (Hunga Tonga and Hunga Ha'apai are just remnants of the volcanic peak.) As Mashable previously reported, volcanologists suspect that seawater interacting with the volcano's magma (molten rock) beneath the surface ultimately provided this eruption with the pressure for such a massive explosion.
"That's what gave this [eruption] outsized energy, we think," Josef Dufek, a volcanologist at the University of Oregon, told Mashable in January.

All this heat and superheated water "was like hyper-fuel for a mega-thunderstorm," NASA atmospheric scientist Kristopher Bedka told the space agency's Earth Observatory blog. "The intensity of this event far exceeds that of any storm cloud I have ever studied," Bedka added.
Tweet may have been deleted
NOAA satellite views show the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha‘apai volcanic eruption traveling high up into the atmosphere. On the top row, the second image from right shows the plume reaching the mesosphere, before the plume collapsed and spread out.Credit: NOAA / National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS)The blast reached through the atmosphere's troposphere, which exists between the surface and some five to nine miles up in the atmosphere. This is where jetliners fly and our weather occurs. But then it blasted through the next level, the lofty stratosphere, too. That's some 22 miles thick.
Soon after the eruption, the plume reached the mesosphere. Meteors, popularly known as shooting stars, burn up in the mesosphere.
SEE ALSO:How climate change moved Earth's axisWhy Iceland's eruption is so gooey and thrilling
What Earth was like last time CO2 levels were this high
Why it's impossible to forecast the weather too far into the future
The great blast, topping off at 36 miles in elevation, was significantly higher than the historic 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines. That eruption reached 22 miles, and its sulfur dioxide gases (which soak up and scatter sunlight) had a cooling effect on the world.
The Tonga eruption likely won't cool the Earth. This eruption largely contained water vapor, not absorbent gases. But, as noted above, the eruption still had a global impact. The blast sent shock waves around Earth, multiple times.
Tributes flow after death of former Singapore president S.R. Nathan2026-01-07 04:35
Elton John's Glastonbury performance among the most watched TV of the year2026-01-07 04:17
New Reddit API price means trouble for Apollo and other apps. Communities protest.2026-01-07 03:16
7 burning questions we have for 'You' Season 52026-01-07 03:05
Olympic security asks female Iranian fan to drop protest sign2026-01-07 02:49
Realme C55 smartphone has iPhone2026-01-07 02:44
Figma offers free design program to all K2026-01-07 02:37
Google I/O 2023: WhatsApp is coming to WearOS2026-01-07 02:13
Tourist survives for month in frozen New Zealand wilderness after partner dies2026-01-07 01:57
Netflix launches 'Black Mirror'2026-01-07 01:57
How Hyperloop One went off the rails2026-01-07 04:02
'Quordle' today: See each 'Quordle' answer and hints for March 292026-01-07 03:56
'The Crown' gives a first look at William and Kate in Season 62026-01-07 03:45
Best deals of the day March 7: M1 Pro MacBook Pro, Bartesian cocktail machine, and a magnetic rower2026-01-07 03:31
WhatsApp announces plans to share user data with Facebook2026-01-07 03:16
watchOS 10: How to add widgets to Apple Watch2026-01-07 03:11
'Succession' Season 4 kicks things off with a Season 1 callback2026-01-07 03:04
'Quordle' today: See each 'Quordle' answer and hints for June 122026-01-07 02:25
Dog elected for third term as mayor of Minnesota town2026-01-07 02:16
How to livestream Kansas State vs. Michigan State2026-01-07 02:08